The direction of flow through the orifice can be horizontal, vertical, or inclined. To determine the coefficient of discharge of the orifice meter 1. As shown in the figure, the jet narrows over a short distance beyond the orifice that is comparable with the jet diameter to form what. Flow through venturi meter background and theory introduction flow meters are used in the industry to measure the volumetric flow rate of fluids.
In this post the effect of venturi meter and orifice plate on the fluid flow will be disciussed and complete work will be presented in the form of report. Fluid mechanics lab report ced, uetp muhammad bilal. Q discharge, ft 3 s m 3 s c coefficient of discharge. Discharge characteristics of triangularnotch thinplate weirs. Civil engineering level 1 fluid mechanics lab report. Discharge through a sharpedged orifice may be calculated from. Position the reservoir across the channel on the top of the hydraulic bench and level the reservoir by the adjustable feet using a spirit level on the base. To find the coefficient of discharge for orifice meter. Remove the orifice diameter, take care not to lose the o. Fluid flow introduction fluid flow is an important part of many processes, including transporting materials from one point to another, mixing of materials, and chemical reactions. This is best done by setting up a steadystate condition in which you are filling and emptying the tank at the same rate, so that the flow meter on the tank inlet is telling you what is. Venturi meter and orifice plate effects are two main and very important phenomenas in fuild mechanics sub field of mechanical engineering. Fm 308 flow measurement by venturi and orifice meter objectives. As general requirements, the flow rate measurement system should be able to operate with maximum inlet pressure of 100 psig at room temperature.
Like the venturi meter, the pressure difference varies directly with the flow rate. The orifice flow meter, flow nozzle meter, and venturi meter are three commonly used types of differential pressure meter for pipe flow measurement. Differential pressure type flow meters head flow metersmeasure flow rate by introducing a constriction in. To compare the reynolds number and darcy friction coefficient 2. Pdf flow through an orifice rajkumarsingh mondatta. Venturimeter is the most widely used device to measure the discharge through the pipe. This orifice plate creates a measurable pressure difference between its upstream and downstream sides. Although students are motivated differently, have different preferences for how they learn and. Fm 308 flow measurement by venturi and orifice meter. If the geometric properties of the orifice and the inherent properties of the fluid are known, the orifice can be used. Jet trajectory and orifice flow typical work assignments head and flow this experiment asks the students to test a nozzle at a range of. Pipe flow measurement with a differential pressure flow.
The principle of venturimeter is that when a fluid flows through the venturimeter, it accelerates in the convergent section and decelerates in the divergent section, resulting in a drop in. It is capable of very accurate measurement provided it is properly applied, designed, installed, maintained and interpreted. This report presents a comprehensive analysis of the discharge characteristics of triangularnotch, thinplated weirs. Orifice flow calculation data sheet calculating an orifice diameter it is difficult to accurately calculate the flow of a gas or liquid through a tiny orifice due to the effect of the leading edge of the orifice. To change the level in the tank and so the head on the orifice, students adjust the flow to the diffuser. Venturi meter and orifice meter are the commonly used flow meters for measuring massvolumetric flow rate or velocity of the flowing fluid. Calibration of an orifice plate flowmeter mechanical engineering department king saud university riyadh submitted by. The orifice meter, the nozzle meter, and the venturi meter are the most common devices used to measure the instantaneous flowrate. This lab manual mainly deals with the common and universal laboratory tests of fluid water.
Allow water to flow through the orifice and note the maximum head over the orifice that permits the water jet to flow into the measuring tank. To find the coefficient of discharge for venturi meter. Use the rule of thumb to estimate the pressure drop across the elbow. All valves were closed except those that will let the water flows from the tank to section orifice plate and return back to the tank. The vcone flow meter has a cone shaped obstruction in. The tecquipment flow through an orifice h4 fits onto either of tecquipments hydraulic benches. The discharge will depend up on the head of the fluid h above the level of the orifice. The area of a fluid jet out of an orifice is related to the actual area of the orifice by a value known as the coefficient of. An orifice is an opening with a closed perimeter through which water flows. An orifice is an opening in the side or base of tank or reservoir through which fluid is discharge in the form of a jet.
Energy losses through venturi, orifice, and rotameter flowmeters. An orifice meter consists of a flat plate that has a sharpedged hole accurately machined in it and placed concentrically in a pipe as shown in figure 12. Differential pressure type flow meters head flow metersmeasure flow rate by introducing a constriction in the flow. Inlet and throat diameters of the orifice plate were recorded. See details of the equation that applies to all three and gives flow rate as a.
Orifice discharge into free air an orifice is an opening with a closed perimeter through which water flows. The concentric orifice plate flow meter reduces the pressure by forcing the fluid through a thin plated circular opening smaller than the pipe diameter. Fluids lab report 6 experiment no 6 orifice and free jet. An orifice is an opening, of any size or shape, in a pipe or at the bottom or side wall of a container water tank, reservoir, etc. Extract of sample civil engineering level 1 fluid mechanics lab report oriphis and free jet flow introduction orifice is a term used for a small hole or opening in a. In the case of a sharpedged orifice, the effective diameter is 0. The flow rate measurement system should also be able to provide a maximum air mass flow rate. The measured pressure drop across the orifice is related to the flow rate by means of an orifice coefficient, which accounts for friction, as defined in the next section of this report.
Meters are rugged, mechanically simple, and well suited for field use under extreme weather conditions. Determining the coefficient of discharge for a draining. It allows students to experiment with flow, coefficients and contraction of a vertical jet of water passing through a sharpedged circular orifice. Divide this head to approximately 7 steps of readings. In this experiment, you will investigate fluid flow in a pipe network and will explore several methods rotameter, orifice and venturi meters for measurement of the. Iftheflowofairis not perfectly steady,thecapacity between the orifice and theflow nozzle on theend of the line introducesatime lag, sothat, though the. Orifices may have any shape, although they are usually round, square, or rectangular.
The jet that leaves the orifice discharges into the hydraulic bench measuring tank. Each of these meters operates on the similar principle. View lab report flow through an orifacemadril from ae 341 at san diego state university. This chart should also produce an average value for the discharge coeffi cient cd. To compare the theoretical and experimental friction head losses in pipe flow. Che241 lab report flowmeter measurement apparatus fm101 2015. Air mass flow rate measurement northeastern university. Flow through an orifice university of texas at austin. Laminar and turbulent pipe flow lab report objectives following are two objectives of this experiment 1. Discharge coefficients of squareedged orifices for. All three use a constriction in the flow path like an orifice plate to cause a pressure drop across the meter that can be measured and correlated with flow rate. Orifice meter is another simple device used for the measuring the discharge through pipes, orifice meter also works on the same principle as that of venturi meter i.
Regulate the inlet valve to obtain a constant head h w over the orifice. Daniel measurement and control white paperapplication of the orifice meter for accurate gas flow measurement page 1 summary the most common device used in gas flow measurement is the orifice flow meter. Centre of pressure, proof of bernoullis theorem, flow through venturimeter, flow through orifice, flow through mouthpiece, flow over vnotch, flow over sharp crested. As the flow area in a pipe decreases, the flow velocity that is accompanied by a. Daniel measurement and control white paperstheoretical uncertainty of orifice flow measurement page 1 introduction orifice meters are the most common meters used for fluid flow measurement, especially for measuring hydrocarbons. Energy losses through venturi, orifice, and rotameter. A simple sharpedged orifice demonstration for the fluid. Manometers measure the total head on the orifice and under the jet. Discharge coefficient performance of venturi, standard. Pdf che241 lab report flowmeter measurement apparatus. Ae 341 fluid mechanics laboratory name of experiment.
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